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Sitapur District Uttar Pradesh

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History of Sitapur, Uttar Pradesh

Little is known about the history of Sitapur. Legends connect many places in episodes in Mahabharata and Ramayana.There is a usual tradition of a raid by a general of Saiyid Salar, The rise of Rajput Power according to tradition of great clan which held the district was somewhat later than in Southern Oudh (Avadh). The influx continued till the reign of Aurangzeb. The Rajputs generally found the soil occupied by the Pasis, whom they crushed or drove away. Under the early kings of Muhammadan Kings of Delhi, the country was normally ruled by the Governor of Bahraich, but little authority was exercised. In the fifteenth century, the district was included in the new kingdom of Jaunpur. About 1527, Humayun occupied Khairabad, then the chief town; but it was not until the accession of Akbar that the Afgans were driven out of the neighborhood. Under Akbar, the present district formed the part of four Sarkars - Khairabad, Bahraich, Oudh, and Lucknow - all located in the Subah of Oudh. Khairabad was held for sometime by the rebels of Oudh in 1567 but throughout the Mughal period and the rule of Nawabs and Kings of Oudh the district is seldom referred to by the native historians.

Early in nineteenth century, it was governed by Hakim Mahdi Ali Khan, a capable minister of Naseerundden Haider, and some years later Sleeman noted that it was unusually quiet as far as great landholders were concerned.

At annexation in 1856, Sitapur was selected as headquarters of one district and Mallnpur (currently a village in Tambaur Development Block of District Sitapur. It is the same place where Sharda and Ghaghra river meet.) as the headquarters of another, which lay between Chauka and Ghaghra rivers. Sitapur fighured prominently in the First War of Independence, 1857. In that year, three regiments of native infantry and a regiment of military police were quartered in Sitapur Cantonment. The troops rose on the morning of June 3, fired on their officers, many of whom were killed, as were also several military and civil officers with their wives and children in the attempt to escape. Ultimately many of the fugitives succeeded in reaching Lucknow, while others obtained the protection of loyal zamindars. On April 13, 1858, Sir Hope Grant inflicted a severe defeat on the rebels near Biswan. Order was completely restored before the end of that year.

It is a land of seers and sufis and dalits. According to Hindu mythology, purans were written by Rishi Ved Vyas (Vyas Gaddi) on the ancient location called Naimisharanya. Sitapur is one of the five sacred places the Hindus have to visit in their Panch Dham Yatra journey. Misrikh, near Naimisharanya, holds its religious significance due to the belief that Maharshi Dadhichi donated his bones to Devatas for making Vajras. Dargah of Hazrat Maqdoom Shaikh Shaduddin (Bada Maqdoom) at Khairabad and Hazrat Gulzar Shah are the symbols of communal harmony. According to Abdul Fazal's Aina Akbari this place was called Chatyapur or Chitiapur during the reign of Akbar. Sitapur as the name depicts, was established by the king Vikarmaditya after the name of Lord Ram's wife Sita. This place is concerned with ancient, medieval and modern history.

The contribution of Sitapur can not be avoided in social, historical, political and literary field in the country. Many freedom fighters gave their life to free India from British rule. Capt. Manoj Pandey sacrificed his life in the Kargil War and honored his birthplace with Param Veer Chakra.
Sitapur was established by the king Vikarmaditya after the name of Lord Ram's wife Sita. This place is concerned with ancient, medieval and modern history. This is a land of seer and sufis. Purans were written by Rishi Ved Vyas on this holi land. According to Hindu mythology the 'Panch Dham Yatra' journey of five main religious Hindu places will not be completed without visiting the Neemsar or Namisharanya,a religious ancient place in Sitapur. Dargah of Hazrat Makhdoom sb. at Khairabad and Hazrat Gulzar Shah are the symbols of communal harmony. The City is situated on the river bank of 'Sarayan', at Lucknow-Delhi National Highway No-24, 89 km. from state capital Lucknow, and on meter gauge Railway line from Lucknow to Bareilly via Lakhimpur and Pilibhit. Sitapur is also connected on broad gauge train network connecting Gorakhpur and Delhi via Gonda,Burhwal bypassing Lucknow and Hardoi. Whole district is divided into six tehsils - Sitapur, Biswan, Mishrikh, Laharpur, Mahmoodabad and Sidhauli. There are 19 blocks, two parliamentary constituencies (Sitapur, Mishrikh (SC)) and nine assembly constituencies (Behta, Biswan, Mahmoodabad, Sidhauli(SC), Laharpur, Sitapur, Hargaon(SC), Mishrikh and Machhrehta(SC)). Total population of the district is 36,19,661 and the area is 5743 km2.